Mallinson E T, Rothenbacher H, Wideman R F, Snyder D B, Russek E, Zuckerman A I, Davidson J P
Avian Dis. 1984 Jan-Mar;28(1):25-43.
An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.
本文描述了一起蛋鸡群中尿石症暴发事件，该事件使一大群商品蛋鸡的年死亡率翻倍。尽管存在较大的单侧尿石和/或严重的肾萎缩，但这些蛋鸡在一个小尿石阻塞对侧肾脏的输尿管血流之前，通常能维持活跃的产蛋量和明显的内环境稳定。这一终末期事件似乎引发了急性梗阻性肾衰竭，迅速发展为内脏痛风（内脏尿酸盐沉积）、尿毒症和死亡。观察到的肾萎缩似乎是后天获得性且进行性的。肾脏的组织学特征为急性至慢性肾小球肾炎、间质性肾炎和肾盂肾炎。流行病学和微生物学研究表明，可能涉及感染性和非感染性机制的联合作用。磷酸钙失衡、传染性支气管炎（IB）、新城疫（ND）以及腺病毒或呼肠孤病毒感染的致病作用既不能排除也无法证实。促成因素可能包括对15周龄易感染ND-IB的小母鸡进行喷雾式ND-IB及其他疫苗接种、缺水、运输应激、滑液支原体感染、免疫复合物疾病和霉菌毒素。
