Morrongiello B A, Kulig J W, Clifton R K
Child Dev. 1984 Apr;55(2):461-71.
Infants, preschoolers, and adults were tested to determine the shortest time interval at which they would respond to the precedence effect--an auditory phenomenon produced by presenting the same sound through 2 loudspeakers with the input to 1 loudspeaker delayed relative to the other. The delayed sound is not localized at its source until time delays between onsets are lengthened beyond a critical limit, or threshold. Thresholds for the precedence effect were defined as the delay interval below which listeners respond only to the leading loudspeaker and above which they respond to both loudspeakers. Threshold estimates were determined for adults and preschoolers with an ascending and descending series, followed by a method of constant stimuli series. Infants were trained to respond to the delayed sound using a visually reinforced headturning procedure. For clicks, preschoolers' and adults' thresholds were around 12 msec, while 6-month-olds stopped responding to the delayed sound around 25 msec. A similar developmental difference in threshold was expressed between preschoolers and adults for a more complex sound, with younger subjects hearing the precedence effect over a longer time delay.
对婴儿、学龄前儿童和成年人进行了测试，以确定他们对优先效应做出反应的最短时间间隔。优先效应是一种听觉现象，通过两个扬声器播放相同的声音，其中一个扬声器的输入相对于另一个扬声器延迟。直到起始之间的时间延迟延长到超过临界极限或阈值，延迟的声音才会在其源位置被定位。优先效应的阈值被定义为延迟间隔，低于该间隔时听众只对领先的扬声器做出反应，高于该间隔时他们对两个扬声器都做出反应。通过上升和下降系列，然后是恒定刺激系列的方法，确定了成年人和学龄前儿童的阈值估计。使用视觉强化转头程序训练婴儿对延迟声音做出反应。对于滴答声，学龄前儿童和成年人的阈值约为12毫秒，而6个月大的婴儿在约25毫秒时停止对延迟声音做出反应。对于更复杂的声音，学龄前儿童和成年人之间也表现出类似的阈值发育差异，较年轻的受试者在更长的时间延迟下能听到优先效应。
