Kubík A
Czech Med. 1984;7(1):25-34.
In the longterm epidemiological studies carried out in the Kol ín District, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, in the course of the past 20 years, the importance of cigarette smoking as a risk factor of bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic bronchitis has been confirmed. The proportion of cigarette smokers in the population of the district under study, aged 15 years and over, was 57% for males and 14% females. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma, proved by histological or cytological examination, was approximately 50 times higher in males from 40 to 64 years of age, who had smoked 200 000 cigarettes and over, than in non-smokers. In cigarette smokers who had not smoked as much, the incidence was 10 times higher then in non-smokers. The frequency of new cases of bronchogenic carcinoma was much higher in males with chronic respiratory symptoms and with tuberculous or posttuberculous fibrotic lesions in the lungs. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in 1972 was 13% for males and 4% for females, in the total of all age groups over 15 years of age. In the group of smokers who had smoked 100 000 cigarettes, 28% of males and 20% of females had symptoms suggestive of chronic bronchitis. In the group of non-smokers, 5% of males and 3% of females had such symptoms. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases can be raised by the interaction of two or more risk factors.
在捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国科林地区过去20年进行的长期流行病学研究中，吸烟作为支气管癌和慢性支气管炎的危险因素的重要性已得到证实。在15岁及以上的被研究地区人口中，男性吸烟者的比例为57%，女性为14%。经组织学或细胞学检查证实，年龄在40至64岁、吸烟达20万支及以上的男性支气管癌发病率比不吸烟者高约50倍。吸烟量未达到此标准的吸烟者，其发病率比不吸烟者高10倍。有慢性呼吸道症状以及肺部有结核或结核后纤维化病变的男性，支气管癌新发病例的频率要高得多。1972年，在15岁以上所有年龄组中，男性慢性支气管炎患病率为13%，女性为4%。在吸烟达10万支的吸烟者组中，28%的男性和20%的女性有提示慢性支气管炎的症状。在不吸烟者组中，5%的男性和3%的女性有此类症状。两个或更多危险因素相互作用可提高支气管癌和慢性非特异性呼吸道疾病的发病率。
