Westermeyer J
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1984 Mar;13(2):133-7. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(84)90053-x.
Hospitals have provided treatment for drug and alcohol dependence for at least 200 years, although the hospital solely devoted to this problem has been a creature of this century. These large institutions served to isolate or 'quarantine' such patients--a valuable public health role when the number of addicts were few. They also facilitated research and education regarding drug and alcohol dependence. While these quarantine, research and training functions have continued to a limited degree, their expense and low treatment efficacy has limited their applicability in most societies today. Smaller, shorter-stay units in general hospital, together with day programs and out-patient treatment, have largely replaced this older treatment approach. Some of these outmoded hospital facilities have been modified as low security prisons for addicts convicted of drug offenses.
医院提供药物和酒精依赖治疗至少已有200年历史，尽管专门致力于解决这一问题的医院是本世纪才出现的。这些大型机构曾用于隔离或“检疫”此类患者——在成瘾者数量较少时，这是一项重要的公共卫生职能。它们还促进了关于药物和酒精依赖的研究与教育。虽然这些隔离、研究和培训功能在一定程度上仍在继续，但它们的费用高昂且治疗效果不佳，限制了其在当今大多数社会中的适用性。综合医院中规模较小、住院时间较短的科室，以及日间项目和门诊治疗，在很大程度上取代了这种较老的治疗方法。其中一些过时的医院设施已被改造成低安全级别的监狱，用于关押因毒品犯罪而被定罪的成瘾者。
