Wen C P, Tsai S P, Weiss N S, Gibson R L, McClellan W A
J Occup Med. 1984 May;26(5):386-91.
A result-oriented medical information system at the Gulf Oil Corporation is described. Mortality data acquired mostly from routine company operations have been used to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and life expectancy. Results show that male employees at the age of 20 have a life expectancy of 74.8 years. Compared with the U.S. general population at age 20 with a life expectancy of 71.8 years, Gulf employees have an advantage of exactly three years. Such an advantage may seem small, but it is equivalent to the gain that could be achieved if all deaths from cancer were eliminated in the United States, a hypothetical and impossible situation. These life expectancy data have the potential for use by the company to influence insurance premiums traditionally set by life insurance companies as well as to aid in the management of the company's pension fund. The SMR for all causes for the male employees is 0.82, significantly decreased in comparison with that of the U.S. general population. This favorable experience has been referred to as "the healthy worker effect." Cause-specific SMRs show a generalized pattern of deficits, some of which are statistically significant. None showed a significant increase. Seventy-six percent of the male deaths occurred among employees aged 65 years or older. If these annuitants (those alive at the beginning of the study) were not included and only the active workers were studied, an SMR of only 0.54 would be obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
描述了海湾石油公司一个以结果为导向的医疗信息系统。主要从公司日常运营中获取的死亡率数据已用于计算标准化死亡率（SMR）和预期寿命。结果显示，20岁的男性员工预期寿命为74.8岁。与美国20岁时预期寿命为71.8岁的普通人群相比，海湾公司员工恰好有三年的优势。这样的优势可能看似不大，但相当于在美国消除所有癌症死亡所能实现的收益，这是一种假设且不可能的情况。这些预期寿命数据有可能被公司用于影响人寿保险公司传统设定的保险费，以及协助管理公司的养老基金。男性员工所有原因的SMR为0.82，与美国普通人群相比显著降低。这种有利的情况被称为“健康工人效应”。特定原因的SMR呈现出普遍的不足模式，其中一些在统计学上具有显著性。没有一个显示出显著增加。76%的男性死亡发生在65岁及以上的员工中。如果不包括这些年金领取者（研究开始时活着的人），只研究在职员工，SMR仅为0.54。（摘要截于250字）
