Yuen T G, Agnew W F, Bullara L A
Neurosurgery. 1984 Apr;14(4):449-55. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198404000-00010.
Histological evaluations of dog sacral nerves were carried out after stimulation for electromicturition with three types of circumneural electrodes. The use of two types of cuff arrays was associated with a marked buildup of connective tissue around the nerve and filling the lumen of the array. Nerves within the first type of cuff array (having diameters approximately that of the nerve they surrounded) were often extruded from the lumen of the cuff. In some cases, this was accompanied by moderate or marked loss of axons. It is not clear whether this phenomenon was the result of the growth of connective tissue within the cuff or tension on the electrical leads. The damage cannot be attributed to the electrical stimulation because nerves enclosed by nonpulsed electrodes showed similar damage. The second type of cuff array used in the study had an oversize lumen. There was often considerable growth of connective tissue within the cuffs, but minimal or no mechanical deformation of the included nerves and minimal loss of axons. Because of sealable lips, extrusion of the nerve from this electrode was impossible. The nerves and arrays both functioned well, and there was minimal, if any, mechanical distortion of the nerves and minimal neural damage. Nerves within a third type of array ("spinal" array) also showed no or minimal damage. The array was implanted easily, and the delicate, springlike nature of the matrix allowed close apposition to nerves of different diameters while avoiding constriction of the nerve.
使用三种类型的神经周围电极对犬骶神经进行电排尿刺激后，进行了组织学评估。使用两种类型的袖套阵列与神经周围结缔组织的显著增生以及袖套腔的填充有关。第一种类型的袖套阵列（直径与它们所环绕的神经大致相同）内的神经常常从袖套腔中挤出。在某些情况下，这伴随着轴突的中度或显著损失。目前尚不清楚这种现象是袖套内结缔组织生长的结果还是电线上的张力所致。这种损伤不能归因于电刺激，因为被非脉冲电极包围的神经也表现出类似的损伤。该研究中使用的第二种类型的袖套阵列有一个超大的腔。袖套内结缔组织常有相当程度的生长，但所含神经的机械变形最小或没有，轴突损失也最小。由于有可密封的边缘，神经不可能从这种电极中挤出。神经和阵列都功能良好，神经的机械扭曲最小（如果有的话），神经损伤也最小。第三种类型的阵列（“脊髓”阵列）内的神经也没有或仅有最小程度的损伤。该阵列易于植入，其基质的精致、弹簧状特性允许与不同直径的神经紧密贴合，同时避免神经受压。
