Böker W, Brenner H D, Gerstner G, Keller F, Müller J, Spichtig L
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1984 May;69(5):373-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02507.x.
New experimental findings show that schizophrenics, as well as some of their non-schizophrenic relatives, manifest basic cognitive disorders defined in terms of variables from the field of experimental psychology. These basic disorders can be regarded as markers--if not, indeed, as psychological manifestations--of vulnerability to schizophrenia. They can be associated with subjectively experienced forms of non-clinically manifest impairments in psychological functioning. It was therefore hypothesised that schizophrenics, as well as non-schizophrenic subjects vulnerable to schizophrenia, will, in the course of learning processes, develop compensatory efforts which may be more or less effective. It is assumed that effective efforts of this kind will take on special significance in stress situations which would tend to elicit the occurrence of a schizophrenic episode. Effective efforts at compensation for basic disorders should be able to act as a 'buffer' against negative stressor effects (moderator function), thus reducing the danger of a psychotic breakdown. These compensation efforts were studied in 40 inpatients in remission after an acute schizophrenic episode. It was found that significant correlations exist between the extent of subjectively experienced basic disorders and the number and kind of conscious compensation attempts. Although the findings to date are of a preliminary and purely descriptive nature they would seem to justify further research.
新的实验结果表明，精神分裂症患者以及他们的一些非精神分裂症亲属，表现出从实验心理学领域的变量角度定义的基本认知障碍。这些基本障碍可被视为易患精神分裂症的标志——如果不是心理表现的话。它们可能与心理功能中主观体验到的非临床明显损伤形式相关。因此，有人提出假设，精神分裂症患者以及易患精神分裂症的非精神分裂症患者在学习过程中会发展出或多或少有效的代偿努力。据推测，这种有效的努力在倾向于引发精神分裂症发作的应激情况下将具有特殊意义。针对基本障碍的有效代偿努力应该能够作为抵御负面应激源影响的“缓冲器”（调节功能），从而降低精神崩溃的危险。对40名急性精神分裂症发作后处于缓解期的住院患者的这些代偿努力进行了研究。结果发现，主观体验到的基本障碍程度与有意识代偿尝试的数量和种类之间存在显著相关性。尽管迄今为止的研究结果具有初步性和纯粹描述性，但似乎有理由进行进一步研究。
