Elliott J M, Connolly K J
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1984 Jun;26(3):283-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1984.tb04445.x.
The nature of manual manipulation of objects is discussed. It is argued that a functional distinction should be made between palmar grips which immobilise an object in the hand, and digital patterns which permit manipulation. Such a distinction is separate from any anatomically defined power and precision configurations. Manipulative hand movements may be grouped into three classes, based on differences between sequenced patterns of movement and synergies, the latter being further subdivided into simple and reciprocal patterns. Within each of the three classes, a number of individual movement patterns are described. These differ mainly in the number of digits involved and the way in which the thumb is employed. The classification is concerned with movements of the digits directed at manipulating an object within the hand. It is not concerned with movements of the hand as a whole, using the wrist or more proximal joints, while holding an immobilised object.
本文讨论了物体手动操作的本质。有人认为，应在手内固定物体的掌侧握持与允许操作的手指模式之间进行功能区分。这种区分与任何解剖学定义的力量和精确配置无关。基于运动序列模式和协同作用的差异，手部操作运动可分为三类，后者又进一步细分为简单模式和交互模式。在这三类中的每一类中，都描述了一些个体运动模式。这些模式主要在涉及的手指数量和拇指的使用方式上有所不同。该分类涉及手指指向手内操作物体的运动。它不涉及在握持固定物体时使用手腕或更靠近近端关节的整个手部的运动。
