Davey I S, Cotes J E, Reed J W
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Jun;56(6):1655-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.6.1655.
The results of divers' annual medical examinations were used to assess the effects of diving exposure independent of age, stature, and smoking on forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Cross-sectional analysis of records for 858 men showed a significant positive association between the maximal depth that subjects had experienced and FVC but not FEV1. There was a significant negative association for FEV1/FVC%, and this index was also positively correlated with years of diving exposure. Among a subsample of 81 men the forced expiratory flow rate at low lung volume was reduced relative to that of control subjects similarly assessed; the extent of the reduction from the reference value was significantly correlated with the diving exposure. Longitudinal analysis of results for 255 men over a minimum of 5 yr showed that the change in FVC per annum (positive or negative) was correlated with the change in maximal depth; there were no similar associations for FEV1 or FEV1/FVC%. Thus diving exposure affects the vital capacity and the forced expiratory flow rate at small lung volumes. The latter is evidence for narrowing of airways that might be secondary to diving-induced loss of lung elastic tissue; this hypothesis merits further investigation.
潜水员年度体检结果被用于评估潜水暴露在独立于年龄、身高和吸烟因素的情况下对用力肺活量（FVC）和一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）的影响。对858名男性记录的横断面分析显示，受试者经历的最大深度与FVC之间存在显著正相关，但与FEV1无关。FEV1/FVC%存在显著负相关，且该指标也与潜水暴露年限呈正相关。在81名男性的子样本中，低肺容积时的用力呼气流速相对于经过类似评估的对照组受试者有所降低；相对于参考值的降低程度与潜水暴露显著相关。对255名男性至少5年的结果进行纵向分析表明，每年FVC的变化（正向或负向）与最大深度的变化相关；FEV1或FEV1/FVC%则无类似关联。因此，潜水暴露会影响肺活量和低肺容积时的用力呼气流速。后者证明气道变窄，这可能是潜水导致肺弹性组织丧失的继发结果；这一假设值得进一步研究。
