Abdel-Rahman M S, Suh D H, Bull R J
J Appl Toxicol. 1984 Apr;4(2):82-6. doi: 10.1002/jat.2550040205.
Chlorine interacts with organic materials in surface water, leading to the formation of trihalomethanes, that may be carcinogenic. Studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacodynamics and toxicity of chlorine (0, 1, 10, 100 mg 1(-1] in drinking water in rats. Blood glutathione (GSH) was significantly decreased after 6 months of treatment and this effect persisted after 1 year treatment in the 10 and 100 mg 1(-1) groups. Treatment groups showed an increase in blood osmotic fragility. The acute study revealed that GSH was significantly decreased as early as 30 min after the administration of 30 and 120 micrograms chlorine. The effect was maintained up to 1 h. However, the GSH level returned to control value by 2 h. Blood osmotic fragility of the acute exposure was incresed after 15 min and was without change after 30 min. Of the hematological parameters only the red blood cell count and hematocrit were significantly decreased in the 100 mg 1(-1) group after 3 months of treatment. An examination of blood chloroform content in all the groups after 4, 6, 9 and 12 months showed no significant difference compared with the control. Chlorine administered chronically in drinking water for 3 months increased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into nuclei of rat kidney and testes in the 100 mg 1(-1) group.
氯与地表水中的有机物质相互作用，导致三卤甲烷的形成，而三卤甲烷可能具有致癌性。开展了研究以调查大鼠饮用水中氯（0、1、10、100毫克/升）的药效学和毒性。治疗6个月后，血液谷胱甘肽（GSH）显著降低，在10和100毫克/升组中，这种影响在治疗1年后仍然存在。治疗组血液渗透脆性增加。急性研究表明，在给予30和120微克氯后30分钟，GSH就显著降低。这种影响持续长达1小时。然而，2小时后GSH水平恢复到对照值。急性暴露后15分钟血液渗透脆性增加，30分钟后无变化。在血液学参数中，仅100毫克/升组在治疗3个月后红细胞计数和血细胞比容显著降低。在4、6、9和12个月后检查所有组的血液氯仿含量，与对照组相比无显著差异。在100毫克/升组中，长期在饮用水中给予氯3个月会增加3H-胸苷掺入大鼠肾脏和睾丸细胞核的量。
