Pollack H M, Banner M P
Urol Radiol. 1984;6(2):124-37. doi: 10.1007/BF02923711.
Renal calculi less than 8-9 mm in diameter and ureteral calculi of various sizes can be removed intact using fluoroscopic guidance without the need for endoscopy. Advantages of percutaneous stone extraction include a shorter hospital stay, decreased cost, and avoidance of general anesthesia. When compared with fragmentation techniques, percutaneous extraction appears to be the treatment of choice for urinary tract calculi amenable to this technique.
直径小于8 - 9毫米的肾结石以及各种大小的输尿管结石可以在荧光镜引导下完整取出，无需内镜检查。经皮取石术的优点包括住院时间缩短、费用降低以及避免全身麻醉。与碎石技术相比，经皮取石术似乎是适合该技术的尿路结石的首选治疗方法。
