Parving A
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1984 May;7(2):107-17. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5876(84)80035-x.
Questionnaires were distributed to parents of hearing-impaired children (average of the hearing thresholds greater than or equal to 35 dB at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz) in order to perform an evaluation concerning the initiators of the detection and identification of congenital/early acquired hearing impairment. In 59% (23/39) the parents were the first to suspect the hearing loss. In 13% (5/39) the child failed the auditory screening test. In 16% (6/39) the child was registered as at risk and in 13% (5/39) the suspicion was raised by trained personnel in nurseries. In 43% (17/39) more than 4 weeks passed from the time the first suspicion was raised until a valid hearing threshold determination was performed. This delay was caused by health personnel in 59% (10/17). The median age at the hearing threshold assessment was 20 months (range 4-48 months) in this group of children. Only 33% (13/39) were diagnosed at the age of 1 year, despite the fact that the hearing loss was either congenital or acquired during the neonatal period. It is concluded that the parents are the first initiators of the identification of their hearing-impaired child, but the point of time at which the hearing loss is identified is still unacceptably late in most cases. Proposals for an improved early detection and identification of hearing-impaired children are made in order to prevent developmental disorders in speech, language, psychological and mental behaviour.
我们向听力受损儿童（500、1000和2000赫兹时平均听力阈值大于或等于35分贝）的父母发放了问卷，以评估先天性/早期获得性听力障碍的发现和确诊的发起者。59%（23/39）的情况是父母首先怀疑孩子听力丧失。13%（5/39）的情况是孩子听力筛查测试未通过。16%（6/39）的情况是孩子被登记为高危，13%（5/39）的情况是托儿所的专业人员提出怀疑。43%（17/39）的情况是从首次怀疑到进行有效的听力阈值测定间隔超过4周。在59%（10/17）的情况中，这种延迟是由卫生人员造成的。在这组儿童中，听力阈值评估时的中位年龄为20个月（范围4 - 48个月）。尽管听力损失为先天性或在新生儿期获得，但只有33%（13/39）在1岁时被诊断出来。结论是父母是其听力受损孩子确诊的首要发起者，但在大多数情况下，听力损失被确诊的时间仍然晚得令人无法接受。为预防言语、语言、心理和精神行为方面的发育障碍，提出了改进听力受损儿童早期检测和确诊的建议。
