Rosenfield A T, Taylor K J, Crade M, DeGraaf C S
Radiology. 1978 Sep;128(3):737-44. doi: 10.1148/128.3.737.
Gray scale ultrasound can define intrarenal structures which could not previously be visualized. The normal calyces and infundibula within the renal sinus can be evaluated for abnormalities. Parenchymal anatomy (cortex, medulla, and arcuate vessels) of the right kidney is best demonstrated with the patient supine, using the liver as a window; anatomy of the left kidney is best appreciated using coronal scans in the right lateral decubitus position. Criteria and differential diagnosis of "Type I" parenchymal changes, in which the echo intensity within the cortex is increased, and "Type II" changes, in which there is a focal or diffuse disruption of normal renal parenchymal anatomy, are presented.
灰阶超声能够显示之前无法可视化的肾内结构。可评估肾窦内正常的肾盏和漏斗有无异常。患者仰卧位时，以肝脏作为透声窗，最能清晰显示右肾的实质解剖结构（皮质、髓质和弓形血管）；左侧卧位进行冠状面扫描时，最能清晰显示左肾的解剖结构。文中还介绍了“Ⅰ型”实质改变（皮质内回声强度增加）和“Ⅱ型”改变（正常肾实质解剖结构出现局灶性或弥漫性破坏）的诊断标准及鉴别诊断。
