Bazzocchi M, Dalla Palma L, Rizzatto G, Cuttin R
Radiol Med. 1979 Jun;65(6):425-33.
The authors illustrate all the different scanning techniques for the kidney and review the normal anatomic patterns in every scanning plane. Using gray scale machines, high-frequency long focussed transducers and appropriate gain settings, it is possible to obtain well defined images, with high resolution; these allow to recognize the renal margins, the cortex, the medulla and the renal sinus structures. The large number of scanning planes, both longitudinal and transverse, allow a detailed evaluation of the normal renal anatomy, the relationships of the kidneys with the neighbouring structures (fasciae, ligaments, fat and vessels) and organs (liver, adrenals, spleen and pancreas) are well recognized. The authors systematically introduce the different echotomographic aspects of the normal kidney. Echotomography can also inform about the renal position and size.
作者阐述了肾脏的所有不同扫描技术，并回顾了每个扫描平面的正常解剖模式。使用灰阶超声仪、高频长聚焦探头和适当的增益设置，可以获得高分辨率的清晰图像；这些图像能够识别肾边缘、皮质、髓质和肾窦结构。大量的纵向和横向扫描平面，使得能够对正常肾脏解剖结构进行详细评估，肾脏与邻近结构（筋膜、韧带、脂肪和血管）以及器官（肝脏、肾上腺、脾脏和胰腺）之间的关系也能清晰辨认。作者系统地介绍了正常肾脏不同的超声断层表现。超声断层检查还能了解肾脏的位置和大小。
