Alam M, Oesterhelt D
J Mol Biol. 1984 Jul 15;176(4):459-75. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90172-4.
Halobacterium halobium has right-handed helical flagella. During the logarithmic phase of growth, cells are predominantly monopolar, whereas in the stationary phase they are mostly bipolarly flagellated. The flagellar bundle consists of several filaments. Halobacteria swim forward by clockwise and backwards by counterclockwise rotation of their flagella. The flagellar bundle does not fly apart when the sense of rotation changes. In addition to the flagella attached to the cells, large amounts of loose flagella, which aggregate into thick super-flagella, can be observed at all phases of growth. During stationary phase, the production of these super-flagella, which are generally 10 to 20 times longer than the cell body, is significantly higher. Dissociation and association by high temperature and differential centrifugation allow the isolation of pure flagella. Three different protein bands, of 23,500, 26,500 and 31,500 apparent molecular weights, are seen on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. Antibodies against halobacterial flagella were produced in chicken; these antibodies interact with the flagella even in 4 M-NaCl. Rotation of tethered cells demonstrates that Halobacteria move due to the rotation of the flagella.
嗜盐菌有右旋螺旋鞭毛。在对数生长期，细胞主要为单极，而在稳定期大多为双极鞭毛。鞭毛束由几根细丝组成。嗜盐菌通过鞭毛顺时针旋转向前游动，逆时针旋转向后游动。当旋转方向改变时，鞭毛束不会散开。除了附着在细胞上的鞭毛外，在生长的各个阶段都能观察到大量松散的鞭毛，它们聚集成粗的超级鞭毛。在稳定期，这些通常比细胞体长10到20倍的超级鞭毛的产生量显著更高。通过高温和差速离心进行解离和结合，可以分离出纯鞭毛。在十二烷基硫酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上可以看到三条不同的蛋白带，表观分子量分别为23500、26500和31500。在鸡体内产生了针对嗜盐菌鞭毛的抗体；这些抗体即使在4M氯化钠中也能与鞭毛相互作用。束缚细胞的旋转表明嗜盐菌因鞭毛的旋转而移动。
