Alam M, Claviez M, Oesterhelt D, Kessel M
EMBO J. 1984 Dec 1;3(12):2899-903. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02229.x.
Square bacteria are shown to have right-handed helical (RH) flagella. They swim forward by clockwise (CW), and backwards by counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of their flagella. They are propelled by several or single filaments arising at several or single points on the cell surface. When there are several filaments a stable bundle is formed that does not fly apart during the change from clockwise to counterclockwise rotation or vice versa. In addition to the flagella attached to the cells, large amounts of detached flagella aggregated into thick super-flagella, can be observed at all phases of growth.
方形细菌被证明具有右旋螺旋（RH）鞭毛。它们通过鞭毛的顺时针（CW）旋转向前游动，通过逆时针（CCW）旋转向后游动。它们由细胞表面几个或单个点产生的几根或单根细丝推动。当有几根细丝时，会形成一个稳定的束，在从顺时针旋转到逆时针旋转或反之的变化过程中不会散开。除了附着在细胞上的鞭毛外，在生长的各个阶段都可以观察到大量分离的鞭毛聚集形成粗的超级鞭毛。
