Dupree H K
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1984 May;65:201-9.
Satisfactory fulfillment of the nutritional requirements of experimental fish under subchronic and chronic test conditions (such as carcinogenesis studies) is critical to the outcome of a study. Nutritional requirements of many coldwater, warmwater, and marine fishes have been determined in part by the use of semipurified diets. Generally, these diets were fed to small fish in controlled environment tanks with no supplemental food available. The control diets contained semipurified natural ingredients, or, when appropriate, purified (crystalline) nutrients and were formulated to meet the requirements (approximate) of the test species. We fed the fish representative diets to insure that their nutritional needs were met and that no adverse pathology would develop. We then modified these control diets by removing one or more of the purified nutrients to determine the essentiality of a dietary component. Later, other diets were formulated to contain different amounts of the essential nutrients, or one ingredient was substituted for another, so that the quantitative requirements could be decided. Thus we could determine the dietary requirements for protein, fat, carbohydrate, and bulk, and the qualitative and quantitative requirements for the individual amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, and some minerals. Semipurified diets were later used in toxicity studies for the measurement of the effect of different levels of manufactured contaminants, such as insecticides, or natural toxicants, such as aflatoxin, on the well-being of fishes. Information on the preparation of semipurified diets for fishes, feeding techniques, and nutritional requirements as well as suggestions on care of small fishes in tanks appropriate for longer term carcinogenesis studies is provided.
在亚慢性和慢性试验条件下（如致癌研究），使实验鱼的营养需求得到满意满足对研究结果至关重要。许多冷水鱼、温水鱼和海水鱼的营养需求部分是通过使用半纯化日粮来确定的。一般来说，这些日粮被投喂给饲养在可控环境水族箱中的小鱼，且不提供额外食物。对照日粮包含半纯化的天然成分，或在适当情况下包含纯化（结晶）营养素，并按配方配制以满足受试物种的（大致）需求。我们给鱼投喂代表性日粮，以确保满足它们的营养需求且不会出现不良病理状况。然后，我们通过去除一种或多种纯化营养素来修改这些对照日粮，以确定日粮成分的必需性。后来，配制了其他日粮，使其含有不同量的必需营养素，或用一种成分替代另一种成分，以便确定定量需求。这样我们就能确定蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和总量的日粮需求，以及单个氨基酸、维生素脂肪酸和一些矿物质的定性和定量需求。半纯化日粮后来被用于毒性研究，以测量不同水平的人造污染物（如杀虫剂）或天然毒素（如黄曲霉毒素）对鱼类健康的影响。本文提供了有关鱼类半纯化日粮的制备、投喂技术和营养需求的信息，以及关于在适合长期致癌研究的水族箱中饲养小鱼的建议。
