Wood J L, Allison R G
Fed Proc. 1982 Dec;41(14):3015-21.
This report concerns possible adverse health effects and benefits that might result from consumption of large amounts of choline, lecithin, or phosphatidylcholine. Indications from preliminary investigations that administration of choline or lecithin might alleviate some neurological disturbances, prevent hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis, and restore memory and cognition have resulted in much research and public interest. Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia and Alzheimer's disease have been ameliorated in some patients and varied responses have been observed in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, mania, Huntington's disease, and myasthenic syndrome. Further clinical trials, especially in conjunction with cholinergic drugs, are considered worthwhile but will require sufficient amounts of pure phosphatidylcholine. The public has access to large amounts of commercial lecithin. Because high intakes of lecithin or choline produce acute gastrointestinal distress, sweating, salivation, and anorexia, it is improbable that individuals will incur lasting health hazards from self-administration of either compound. Development of depression or supersensitivity of dopamine receptors and disturbance of the cholinergic-dopaminergic-serotinergic balance is a concern with prolonged, repeated intakes of large amounts of lecithin.
本报告关注大量摄入胆碱、卵磷脂或磷脂酰胆碱可能对健康产生的不良影响及益处。初步调查表明，给予胆碱或卵磷脂可能缓解某些神经功能紊乱、预防高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化，并恢复记忆力和认知能力，这引发了大量研究及公众关注。一些迟发性运动障碍和阿尔茨海默病患者的症状得到了改善，在治疗抽动秽语综合征、弗里德赖希共济失调、左旋多巴诱发的运动障碍、躁狂症、亨廷顿舞蹈症和重症肌无力综合征时也观察到了不同的反应。进一步的临床试验，尤其是与胆碱能药物联合进行的试验，被认为是值得的，但需要足够量的纯磷脂酰胆碱。公众可以获取大量的商业卵磷脂。由于大量摄入卵磷脂或胆碱会引起急性胃肠道不适、出汗、流涎和食欲不振，因此个人不太可能因自行服用这两种化合物而遭受持久的健康危害。长期、反复大量摄入卵磷脂会引发抑郁症、多巴胺受体超敏反应以及胆碱能 - 多巴胺能 - 5-羟色胺能平衡失调等问题。
