Signoret J L
Rev Neurol (Paris). 1982;138(12):887-92.
A decree signed by the President of the French Republic on the 2nd of January 1882 provided for the creation of the first chair in the world for the teaching of neurology at the Faculty of medicine in Paris. The chair was named: Clinic for Diseases of the Nervous System and was attributed to J. M. Charcot. The historical and political circumstances related to the creation of this chair are reviewed. J. M. Charcot's hospital and university careers are retraced, emphasis being placed on the turning point in 1867 when J. M. Charcot, having been refused the chair of Medical Pathology, dedicated his time to the study of hysteria and nervous system diseases. The birth of neurology is therefore situated in relation to that of psychiatry. But this chair is also and still that of Charcot; it was thus convenient to remind the man, his origins, his personality, his ideas, and his social role.
1882年1月2日，法兰西共和国总统签署了一项法令，规定在巴黎医学院设立世界上第一个神经学教学主席职位。该主席职位被命名为：神经系统疾病诊所，并授予了让 - 马丁·沙可（J. M. Charcot）。本文回顾了与设立该主席职位相关的历史和政治背景。追溯了让 - 马丁·沙可的医院和大学职业生涯，重点讲述了1867年的转折点，当时让 - 马丁·沙可被拒绝授予医学病理学主席职位后，便将时间投入到癔症和神经系统疾病的研究中。因此，神经学的诞生与精神病学的诞生相关联。但这个主席职位过去是、现在仍然是沙可的；因此，有必要回顾一下这个人、他的出身、他的个性、他的思想以及他的社会角色。
