Lipsky B A, Hook E W, Smith A A, Plorde J J
Rev Infect Dis. 1980 Sep-Oct;2(5):746-60. doi: 10.1093/clinids/2.5.746.
The genus Citrobacter is a distinct group of human pathogens comprising three species: Citrobacter freundii (biotypes a and b), Citrobacter amalonaticus, and Citrobacter diversus. In this review the clinical and microbiologic experience during 1972-1978 at the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center (Seattle, Wash.) with 298 isolates of Citrobacter is analyzed in relation to a survey of the literature. The most common sources of citrobacter isolates were urine, sputum, and soft tissue exudates. Members of this genus can cause neonatal meningitis and, perhaps, gastroenteritis in both children and adults. Although deep tissue infections due to Citrobacter have been reported only occasionally, in this study a large number of cultures of peritoneal fluid and bone contained Citrobacter. Most isolates of Citrobacter were from elderly, debilitated patients and either represented secondary infections or were of indeterminate clinical significance.
柠檬酸杆菌属是一类独特的人类病原体，包括三个种：弗氏柠檬酸杆菌（生物型a和b）、无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌和差异柠檬酸杆菌。在本综述中，结合文献调查，分析了1972年至1978年期间西雅图退伍军人管理局医疗中心（华盛顿州西雅图）对298株柠檬酸杆菌的临床和微生物学经验。柠檬酸杆菌分离株最常见的来源是尿液、痰液和软组织渗出物。该属成员可引起新生儿脑膜炎，也可能引起儿童和成人的胃肠炎。虽然由柠檬酸杆菌引起的深部组织感染仅偶尔有报道，但在本研究中，大量的腹腔液和骨培养物中含有柠檬酸杆菌。大多数柠檬酸杆菌分离株来自老年体弱患者，要么代表继发感染，要么临床意义不明确。
