Sizonenko P C, Lang U, Aubert M L
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 1982 Dec;43(6):453-64.
A general scheme of the presently known neuroendocrine events occurring with the onset of puberty has been described. Indirect experiments, both in the animal and the human, suggest that the arcuate nucleus located in the medio-basal hypothalamus secretes GnRH by pulses (with increasing amplitude, and probably frequency). GnRH stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) with maturation of the ovary and the testis, ripening of the follicle or spermatogenesis and secretion of oestradiol or of testosterone. The theory of the decrease of the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to the sex steroids which was thought to explain the pubertal increase of gonadotropins may not be valid. The increase of the pulsatile secretion of GnRH may be sufficient to explain the pubertal development. However, the response of the gonadotropins is modified by the feed-back mechanism from sex steroids. One of the factor that may influence the pubertal development is the pineal gland. Its main secretory product, melatonin, inhibits the sexual maturation of the rat and of the hamster. Present studies on night and day plasma concentrations and urinary excretions of melatonin do not attribute a role to this indolamine during human pubertal development.
本文描述了目前已知的青春期开始时发生的神经内分泌事件的总体情况。在动物和人体上进行的间接实验表明，位于下丘脑中间基底部的弓状核以脉冲形式（幅度增加，频率可能也增加）分泌促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）。随着卵巢和睾丸的成熟、卵泡的成熟或精子发生以及雌二醇或睾酮的分泌，GnRH刺激促性腺激素（促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成素）的分泌。下丘脑对性类固醇敏感性降低的理论曾被认为可以解释促性腺激素在青春期的增加，但该理论可能并不成立。GnRH脉冲分泌的增加可能足以解释青春期发育。然而，促性腺激素的反应会受到性类固醇反馈机制的调节。可能影响青春期发育的因素之一是松果体。其主要分泌产物褪黑素会抑制大鼠和仓鼠的性成熟。目前关于褪黑素的昼夜血浆浓度和尿排泄量的研究并未表明这种吲哚胺在人类青春期发育中起作用。
