Shope R E
Yale J Biol Med. 1980 Jan-Feb;53(1):93-9.
Arthropod-borne virus encephalitis in the U.S.A. includes LaCrosse, St Louis, western equine, eastern equine, Venezuelan equine, and Powassan in that order of frequency. Diagnosis can be aided by the history of seasonal occurrence, climate, geographic location, exposure to vectors, and age of the patient. The definitive diagnosis is usually made by serological tests such as neutralization, complement-fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, and immunofluorescence, the radioimmune assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay show promise of future utility. These diseases are prevented by vector control. It is unlikely that vaccines or anti-viral agents will have application in the near future.
在美国，节肢动物传播的病毒性脑炎依次包括拉克罗斯脑炎、圣路易斯脑炎、西部马脑炎、东部马脑炎、委内瑞拉马脑炎和波瓦桑脑炎，其发病频率按此顺序排列。季节性发病史、气候、地理位置、接触病媒情况以及患者年龄有助于诊断。确诊通常通过血清学检测，如中和试验、补体结合试验、血凝抑制试验和免疫荧光试验，放射免疫测定法和酶联免疫吸附测定法有望在未来发挥作用。这些疾病可通过控制病媒来预防。在不久的将来，疫苗或抗病毒药物不太可能得到应用。
