Shiau S Y, Huff R A, Wells B C, Felkner I C
Mutat Res. 1980 Jul;71(2):169-79. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(80)90068-8.
The active pure compounds of 4 pesticides were tested for DNA-damaging and mutagenic activity in Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. Included were zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (dithane), 1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione (maleic hydrazide), O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate (malathion), and 1,2-dibromoethane (fumazone). These agents gave either weak or negative mutagenic responses with the Salmonella/microsome tests for mutagenicity, but were all positive when the tester was B. subtilis strain TKJ6321. Of the 4 chemicals, only fumazone required metabolic activation with rat-liver S9 mix. Upon activation, it produced a volatile mutagenic product. Dithane, maleic hydrazide, and malathion were all mutagenic and did not require metabolic activation. Among these agents, dithane was strongly mutagenic while fumazone, maleic hydrazide and malathion were moderately mutagenic. Only dithane gave significant DNA-damaging activity when applied to a battery of repair-deficient B. subtilis mutants. For the chemicals reported, it is concluded that B. subtilis is superior to S. typhimurium in the detection of mutagenic activity. We strongly recommend its use for prescreening procedures in combination with the S. typhimurium testers.
对4种农药的活性纯化合物进行了测试，以检测其在枯草芽孢杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌测试菌株中的DNA损伤和诱变活性。其中包括代森锌（乙撑双二硫代氨基甲酸锌）、顺丁烯二酰肼（马来酰肼）、马拉硫磷（O,O-二甲基二硫代磷酸酯）和1,2-二溴乙烷（熏蒸剂）。这些药剂在沙门氏菌/微粒体诱变试验中产生的诱变反应较弱或为阴性，但当测试菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌TKJ6321时均呈阳性。在这4种化学物质中，只有熏蒸剂需要用大鼠肝脏S9混合液进行代谢活化。活化后，它产生一种挥发性诱变产物。代森锌、顺丁烯二酰肼和马拉硫磷均具有诱变作用，且不需要代谢活化。在这些药剂中，代森锌具有强烈的诱变作用，而熏蒸剂、顺丁烯二酰肼和马拉硫磷具有中等程度的诱变作用。只有代森锌在应用于一系列修复缺陷型枯草芽孢杆菌突变体时具有显著的DNA损伤活性。对于所报道的化学物质，得出的结论是，在诱变活性检测方面，枯草芽孢杆菌优于鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。我们强烈建议将其与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌测试菌株结合用于预筛选程序。
