Flom M C
Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1978 Mar;55(3):139-43.
The Worth-Chavasse theory of amblyopia is briefly reviewed with particular attention to Worth's explanation that eccentric fixation develops in an attempt by the amblyopic eye to fixate with an eccentric retinal locus having higher acuity than the fovea. Three experiments are reviewed; these show that of 8 eccentrically fixating amblyopic eyes tested, 7 had foveal acuity that was higher than or equal to the acuity at the eccentric fixation locus. A fourth study is reviewed, however, which reports that 24 of 25 eccentrically fixating amblyopic eyes had highest acuity at the eccentric retinal locus. With only slight reservations, the conclusion from the first 3 experiments that eccentric fixation does not occur to improve acuity appears justified, but the contrary results of the fourth study, in which fixation was not controlled, cannot easily be dismissed. The importance of performing an experiment that accurately measures acuity across the retinas of amblyopic eyes with careful control of fixation and target location is stressed.
简要回顾了弱视的沃思-查瓦斯理论，特别关注沃思的解释，即偏心注视的发展是弱视眼试图通过视网膜偏心部位进行注视，该部位的视力高于中央凹。回顾了三个实验；这些实验表明，在测试的8只偏心注视的弱视眼中，有7只的中央凹视力高于或等于偏心注视部位的视力。然而，还回顾了第四项研究，该研究报告称，25只偏心注视的弱视眼中有24只在视网膜偏心部位视力最高。前三个实验得出的偏心注视并非为了提高视力的结论，虽有少许保留，但似乎是合理的，不过第四项研究中未控制注视的相反结果却不能轻易忽视。强调了进行一项实验的重要性，该实验要在仔细控制注视和目标位置的情况下，准确测量弱视眼整个视网膜的视力。
