Widmer U K, Villaverde A, Grob P J
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1980 Jun 14;110(24):930-7.
New serological tests allow one to classify the majority of patients with acute viral hepatitis into patients with hepatitis B, with hepatitis A or with hepatitis NonA/NonB. This breakdown was performed with 207 consecutive patients from the Zurich area in 1979. The data were compared with those obtained in patient series from 1977/78 (220 patients) and series published earlier (another 790 patients since 1972). Before 1979 only hepatitis B and hepatitis NonB could be differentiated. Since 1972 approximately 50% of all patients have had hepatitis B. In 1979 25% of the remaining patients had hepatitis A and 13% hepatitis NonA/NonB, while the others could not be classified. In all series so far analyzed slightly more men than women were affected, almost half of the patients were between 15 and 29 years old and no seasonal peaks were apparent. Sporadic disease is the rule, and clusters are extremely rare. However, there was a slight shift of risk situations which might have led to transmission of the virus. The percentage of patients with appropriately timed blood transfusions dropped from 12% in 1972 to 5% in 1979 and medical staff members from 18% to 6%, while the percentage of patients with histories of drug use increased from 4% to 11% and of travellers to foreign countries from 15% to 40%. Most of the travellers had hepatitis A, and the majority of transfused patients had hepatitis B, while drug users had either hepatitis B or NonA/NonB. Some background data on hepatitis viruses are summarized and possible prophylactic measures are discussed.
新的血清学检测方法能使多数急性病毒性肝炎患者被分为乙型肝炎患者、甲型肝炎患者或非甲非乙型肝炎患者。1979年对苏黎世地区连续的207例患者进行了此项分类。将这些数据与1977/78年患者系列（220例患者）以及更早发表的系列（自1972年起的另外790例患者）所获得的数据进行了比较。1979年之前只能区分乙型肝炎和非乙型肝炎。自1972年以来，所有患者中约50%患有乙型肝炎。1979年，其余患者中有25%患有甲型肝炎，13%患有非甲非乙型肝炎，而其他患者无法分类。在目前分析的所有系列中，男性患者略多于女性患者，几乎一半的患者年龄在15至29岁之间，且无明显的季节性高峰。散发病例是常态，聚集性病例极为罕见。然而，可能导致病毒传播的风险情况略有变化。适时输血患者的比例从1972年的12%降至1979年的5%，医务人员从18%降至6%，而有吸毒史的患者比例从4%增至11%，出国旅行者从15%增至40%。大多数旅行者患有甲型肝炎，大多数输血患者患有乙型肝炎，而吸毒者则患有乙型肝炎或非甲非乙型肝炎。总结了一些关于肝炎病毒的背景数据并讨论了可能的预防措施。
