Bryan J A
Postgrad Med. 1980 Nov;68(5):81-6. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1980.11715590.
Good personal hygiene is one of the most important measures for control of hepatitis infection. Hepatitis is transmitted by close contact with an infected person or nonhuman primate, exposure to infected food or water, transfusion of infected blood, dialysis, or contact with hepatitis-containing laboratory specimens. Each of these situations necessitates certain precautions to avoid contamination. In some instances, passive immunization with either immune serum globulin (ISG) or hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is recommended. Vaccines now being tested for active immunization against hepatitis B will probably be available soon for use in persons at high risk, but development of a vaccine against hepatitis A seems unlikely in the near future.
保持良好的个人卫生是控制肝炎感染最重要的措施之一。肝炎通过与感染者或非人类灵长类动物密切接触、接触受感染的食物或水、输注受感染的血液、透析或接触含有肝炎病毒的实验室标本传播。在上述每种情况下，都需要采取特定的预防措施以避免污染。在某些情况下，建议使用免疫血清球蛋白（ISG）或乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白（HBIG）进行被动免疫。目前正在测试的用于主动免疫预防乙型肝炎的疫苗可能很快可供高危人群使用，但在不久的将来似乎不太可能研制出甲型肝炎疫苗。
