Waller D, Levander S
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1980;70(2):131-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00435303.
The effects of tobacco smoking on vigilance (Critical Flicker Fusion, CFF) measured by a computerized forced-choice interactive technique, was studied in a group of 28 male moderate smokers. Subjects participated in a Smoking (S) and a Non-Smoking (NS) condition each of 1 h duration. CFF performance was measured during fifteen 2-min trials in each condition. In the S condition subjects smoked three puffs during each of five pauses between five successive trials. Vigilance was significantly improved by smoking. An initial sharp increase in CFF performance was noticed with a maximum 8 min after the first puff. Performance was significantly higher in the S condition compared to the NS condition up to 20 min after the last puff. Two extreme groups, based on differences in CFF performance between the S and NS condition were compared by questionnaires on personality and smoking habits. The most improved group had significantly higher scores in an extraversion scale. Ratings of the effect of smoking on level of alertness indicated that the objective effect of increased vigilance had no counterpart on the subjective level.
采用计算机化强制选择交互技术，对28名男性中度吸烟者吸烟对警觉性（临界闪烁融合频率，CFF）的影响进行了研究。受试者参与了各持续1小时的吸烟（S）和不吸烟（NS）两种状态。在每种状态下的15次2分钟试验期间测量CFF表现。在S状态下，受试者在连续五次试验之间的五个间歇期内每次吸三口烟。吸烟显著提高了警觉性。首次吸烟后8分钟内CFF表现最初急剧上升，并达到最大值。直到最后一口烟后20分钟，S状态下的表现显著高于NS状态。根据S和NS状态之间CFF表现的差异，将两组极端人群通过关于个性和吸烟习惯的问卷进行比较。改善最明显的组在外向性量表上得分显著更高。关于吸烟对警觉水平影响的评分表明，警觉性提高的客观效果在主观层面上并无对应表现。
