Whinnery J E, Gondek M R
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1978 Aug;49(8):1009-13.
Etiologies for loss of consciousness in an aerospace environment are diverse and may present as a perplexing problem in specific cases. The high, sustained G that current aircraft are capable of producing represent another etiology for inflight loss of consciousness. Protective measures give only partial protection, however, and pilots continue to remain susceptible to the excessively high G forces. Certain protective methods, including M-1 and L-1 straining maneuvers, may actually become a source of loss of consciousness if not performed correctly. The current methods utilized to evaluate loss of consciousness in flight, as demonstrated in the specific case of a student pilot performing an improper straining maneuver, are reviewed. Specific measures that might be instituted to prevent certain of these loss-of-consciousness episodes are recommended. The human centrifuge can be an integral part of aeromedical evaluation when G-related problems are involved and is an extremely valuable training device in determining individual G tolerance and enabling controlled G-stress training. Use of the centrifuge in high-G training could well lead to both human life and aircraft cost savings in addition to assuring full utilization of today's high-performance aircraft.
航空航天环境中意识丧失的病因多种多样，在特定情况下可能会成为一个令人困惑的问题。当前飞机能够产生的高持续过载是飞行中意识丧失的另一个病因。然而，保护措施只能提供部分保护，飞行员仍然容易受到过高过载力的影响。某些保护方法，包括M-1和L-1应变动作，如果执行不当，实际上可能成为意识丧失的一个原因。本文回顾了在一名学生飞行员进行不当应变动作的具体案例中所展示的当前用于评估飞行中意识丧失的方法。推荐了可能采取的具体措施以预防某些此类意识丧失事件。当涉及与过载相关的问题时，人体离心机可以成为航空医学评估的一个组成部分，并且在确定个体过载耐受性和进行可控过载应激训练方面是一种极其有价值的训练设备。在高过载训练中使用离心机，除了确保充分利用当今的高性能飞机外，很可能还会节省人力生命和飞机成本。
