Wretlind A
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1981 May-Jun;5(3):230-5. doi: 10.1177/0148607181005003230.
The studies on the possibility of preparing IV fat emulsions began in the 1920's; since then, a very large number of emulsions with various fats and emulsifiers have been investigated. However, none of the early fat emulsions could be used safely in man. By the trial and error technique, a method was finally found to prepare soybean oil and egg yolk phospholipids to make a fat emulsion that had a low incidence of adverse reactions. A newly devised biological test system based on nutritional concepts was of crucial importance. It meant that any energy supplying nutrient should be tested in animals in relation to the energy requirement of the species used and not identical to the human dose/kg body weight as in the "classical" toxicity and tolerance tests. With the development of well-tolerated IV fat emulsions it has been possible to devise a TPN regimen that is adequate from a nutritional point of view as well as an adequate alternative to the ordinary oral food. This regimen, which can be administered by the peripheral route, means that the original aims for developing IV fat emulsions were finally achieved.
关于制备静脉脂肪乳剂可能性的研究始于20世纪20年代；从那时起，人们对大量含有各种脂肪和乳化剂的乳剂进行了研究。然而，早期的脂肪乳剂都不能在人体中安全使用。通过反复试验技术，最终找到了一种制备大豆油和蛋黄磷脂脂肪乳剂的方法，该乳剂不良反应发生率较低。一种基于营养概念新设计的生物测试系统至关重要。这意味着任何供能营养素都应在动物身上根据所用物种的能量需求进行测试，而不是像“经典”毒性和耐受性试验那样等同于人体每千克体重的剂量。随着耐受性良好的静脉脂肪乳剂的发展，已经有可能设计出一种从营养角度来看足够的全胃肠外营养方案，以及一种替代普通口服食物的合适方案。这种可以通过外周途径给药的方案意味着开发静脉脂肪乳剂的最初目标最终得以实现。
