Sanderson D R, Neel H B, Fontana R S
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1981 Jul-Aug;90(4 Pt 1):354-8. doi: 10.1177/000348948109000414.
Bronchoscopic cryotherapy of localized endobronchial tumors can be applied in selected patients who are not candidate for other traditional therapy. Twenty-eight patients were treated on 60 occasions with a closed liquid nitrogen system and a long insulated probe that was specifically designed to be used through an open ventilating bronchoscope. The conditions of 15 patients (54%) was improved, as judged by local tumor control, decreased bleeding, or improved airway patency. Fatal complications that could be ascribed to cryotherapy occurred in 2 of the 60 treatments (3%). Two patients have experienced complete control of squamous cell cancers four years and five years nine months after cryotherapy.
局部支气管内肿瘤的支气管镜冷冻疗法可应用于不适合其他传统疗法的特定患者。28例患者使用封闭液氮系统和专门设计用于通过开放式通气支气管镜使用的长绝缘探头进行了60次治疗。根据局部肿瘤控制、出血减少或气道通畅改善判断，15例患者（54%）的病情得到改善。60次治疗中有2次（3%）出现了可归因于冷冻疗法的致命并发症。两名患者在冷冻疗法后四年和五年九个月实现了鳞状细胞癌的完全控制。
