Pickens R W, Heston L L
NIDA Res Monogr. 1981 Jul;37:45-62.
By comparing MMPI profiles of sedative-dependent subjects during pentobarbital self-administration with comparable subjects during drug abstinence, the present study has found that self-administration tends to increase rather than decrease indicators of personal distress (MMPI scale scores). This finding agrees fully with other studies of drug effects on mood of drug-dependent subjects. (This finding should disturb only those who equate reinforcement with euphoria and other pleasurable states. Those familiar with the concept of reinforcement understand that reinforcement deals only with behavior and implies nothing about corresponding subjective states). Only scores on the Hypomania scale of the MMPI were found to correlate significantly with amount of daily drug intake, and this relationship occurred primarily in females. Scores on the Depression scale were correlated significantly with the daily pattern of drug-taking behavior. However, in neither case is it known whether the relationship reflects influences of personality factors on drug-taking behavior, or influences of drug-taking behavior on the obtained personality measures. Other research will be needed to answer this question. Clinically depressed individuals may constitute a special sub-group of subjects in which scores on many MMPI scales are related to daily amount of drug intake. Studies of human drug self-administration provide an excellent opportunity for more detailed research into these and other clinical research questions.
通过比较戊巴比妥自我给药期间镇静剂依赖受试者与药物戒断期间可比受试者的明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）剖面图，本研究发现自我给药往往会增加而非减少个人痛苦指标（MMPI量表分数）。这一发现与其他关于药物对药物依赖受试者情绪影响的研究完全一致。（这一发现只会让那些将强化等同于欣快感和其他愉悦状态的人感到不安。熟悉强化概念的人明白，强化只涉及行为，对相应的主观状态并无暗示）。仅发现MMPI轻躁狂量表的分数与每日药物摄入量显著相关，且这种关系主要出现在女性中。抑郁量表的分数与每日服药行为模式显著相关。然而，在这两种情况下，都不清楚这种关系是反映了人格因素对服药行为的影响，还是服药行为对所获得的人格测量结果的影响。需要其他研究来回答这个问题。临床抑郁症患者可能构成一个特殊的受试者亚组，其中许多MMPI量表的分数与每日药物摄入量有关。对人类药物自我给药的研究为更详细地研究这些及其他临床研究问题提供了绝佳机会。
