Albright A L, Phillips J W
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1982;60(3-4):257-64. doi: 10.1007/BF01406311.
A series of experiments were undertaken to compare oncotic gradients with osmotic gradients in the treatment of experimental cerebral oedema. Oedema was produced in dogs by a left parietal cold lesion. Animals were divided into three treatment groups. Group 1, the control animals, received intravenous crystalloid solutions after the cold lesion. Group 2 animals received mannitol, 1 gm/kg IV, one and four hours after the lesion. Group 3 animals received albumin, 1 gm/kg IV, one hour after the lesion, then a continuous albumin infusion. Serum osmotic and oncotic pressures were monitored hourly. Animals were sacrificed six hours after creation of the lesions. Effect of therapy was evaluated by determining water content of the lesion hemisphere and of the opposite hemisphere. Osmotic and oncotic pressures were changed little by the mannitol and albumin dosages employed. Water content in the areas of the cold lesions was significantly greater than that in the contralateral hemisphere in all three groups. Water content in the nonlesion hemisphere of dogs receiving albumin or mannitol was 1% less than in the control, nonlesion hemisphere, an insignificant reduction of water content. Further studies of the effects of oncotic gradients for cerebral dehydration are indicated.
进行了一系列实验，以比较在治疗实验性脑水肿时胶体渗透压梯度与渗透梯度的作用。通过左侧顶叶冷损伤在犬身上制造水肿。动物被分为三个治疗组。第1组为对照动物，在冷损伤后接受静脉晶体溶液。第2组动物在损伤后1小时和4小时静脉注射1克/千克甘露醇。第3组动物在损伤后1小时静脉注射1克/千克白蛋白，然后持续输注白蛋白。每小时监测血清渗透压和胶体渗透压。在制造损伤6小时后处死动物。通过测定损伤半球和对侧半球的含水量来评估治疗效果。所用甘露醇和白蛋白剂量对渗透压和胶体渗透压影响很小。在所有三组中，冷损伤区域的含水量明显高于对侧半球。接受白蛋白或甘露醇治疗的犬非损伤半球的含水量比对照组非损伤半球低1%，含水量减少不显著。表明需要进一步研究胶体渗透压梯度对脑脱水的作用。
