Helin I, Andreasson L, Jannert M, Pettersson H
Helv Paediatr Acta. 1982;37(1):83-8.
The clinical material consisted of 92 children aged 1-15 years with symptoms and signs of acute sinusitis, roentgenologically verified. Sixty-one were treated with penicillin-V, 16 with pivampicillin, and 15 with erythromycin. Decongesting therapy was given to all. Altogether 77 (83.7%) were cured by a single 10-day course of treatment. The initial success rate did not vary with the type of antibiotic used. Children treated with penicillin-V had, however, a high relapse rate with H. influenzae. Because of growth of H. influenzae, 15 patients required 2 or 3 courses of treatment. The study shows that acute sinusitis in children is usually an uncomplicated disease. Almost all children will improve during a single 10-day course of treatment with antibiotics and decongestants provided that the antibiotic chosen is one to which H. influenzae is susceptible. It is therefore stressed that if penicillin-V is used as the drug of choice in acute sinusitis, the dose must be large enough to eradicate H. influenzae. As judged from this study, adenoidectomy and intranasal antrostomy are rarely indicated.
临床资料包括92名年龄在1至15岁、有急性鼻窦炎症状和体征且经X线检查证实的儿童。其中61名接受青霉素V治疗，16名接受匹氨西林治疗，15名接受红霉素治疗。所有患儿均给予减充血治疗。总共77名（83.7%）患儿经一个为期10天的疗程治愈。初始成功率不因所用抗生素类型而异。然而，接受青霉素V治疗的患儿感染流感嗜血杆菌后的复发率较高。由于流感嗜血杆菌生长，15名患者需要2至3个疗程的治疗。该研究表明儿童急性鼻窦炎通常是一种不复杂的疾病。几乎所有儿童在使用抗生素和减充血剂进行一个为期10天的疗程治疗期间都会有所改善，前提是所选抗生素是流感嗜血杆菌敏感的药物。因此强调，如果在急性鼻窦炎中选择青霉素V作为首选药物，剂量必须足够大以根除流感嗜血杆菌。从这项研究判断，很少需要进行腺样体切除术和鼻内鼻窦造口术。
