Veazey R B, Amaral D G, Cowan W M
J Comp Neurol. 1982 May 10;207(2):135-56. doi: 10.1002/cne.902070204.
The efferent connections of the posterior hypothalamus have been analyzed autoradiographically in a series of eight cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) brains with injections of 3H-amino acids in different regions of the mamillary complex and the surrounding areas. The medial mamillary nucleus was found to project through the mamillothalamic tract to the ipsilateral anteroventral, anteromedial, and interanteromedial nuclei, and by way of the mamillotegmental tract principally to the deep tegmental nucleus (of Gudden). It also appears to contribute fibers to the medial forebrain bundle, some of which reach as far rostrally as the medial septal nucleus. The lateral mamillary nucleus projects through the mamillothalamic tract bilaterally upon the anterodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, and through the mamillotegmental system to the dorsal tegmental nucleus; it also appears to contribute fibers to the medial forebrain bundle. The supramamillary area has extensive ascending and descending connections that are distributed with the medial forebrain bundle to the hypothalamus and rostral midbrain; in addition, it gives rise to an unusually well-defined projection to field CA2 of the hippocampus and to a narrow zone overlying the outer part of the granule cell layer and the adjoining part of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. We have not been able to distinguish the connections of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus from those of the caudal part of the lateral hypothalamic area: they both appear to contribute substantially to the ascending components of the medial forebrain bundle, and through its descending projection to the tegmental fields of the midbrain, the nucleus centralis superior of the raphe complex, the locus coeruleus, and the central gray as far caudally as the facial nerve. Their further projections to the spinal cord were not examined. Viewed broadly, and in the light of previous work, our observations confirm, once again, the constancy of the connections of the hypothalamus in the mammalian brain, and the pivotal position that the posterior hypothalamus occupies in the elaborate system of connections that links the limbic areas of the forebrain with the complex of structures that Nauta has aptly designated the "midbrain limbic region."
在一系列八只食蟹猴（猕猴）的大脑中，通过在乳头复合体及周围区域注射³H - 氨基酸，利用放射自显影术分析了下丘脑后部的传出连接。发现内侧乳头核通过乳头丘脑束投射到同侧的前腹侧核、前内侧核和前内侧间核，并通过乳头被盖束主要投射到（古登氏）深被盖核。它似乎还向内侧前脑束贡献纤维，其中一些纤维一直延伸到内侧隔核。外侧乳头核通过乳头丘脑束双侧投射到丘脑的前背核，并通过乳头被盖系统投射到背侧被盖核；它似乎也向内侧前脑束贡献纤维。乳头体上区有广泛的升支和降支连接，这些连接与内侧前脑束一起分布到下丘脑和中脑前部；此外，它向海马的CA2区以及齿状回颗粒细胞层外部和分子层相邻部分上方的一个狭窄区域发出异常明确的投射。我们无法区分下丘脑后核与下丘脑外侧区尾部的连接：它们似乎都对内侧前脑束的升支有很大贡献，并通过其降支投射到中脑的被盖区、中缝复合体的中央上核、蓝斑和中央灰质，一直到面神经水平。未检查它们向脊髓的进一步投射。从广义上看，并根据先前的研究工作，我们的观察结果再次证实了哺乳动物大脑中下丘脑连接的稳定性，以及下丘脑后部在将前脑边缘区与瑙塔恰当地称为“中脑边缘区”的复杂结构连接起来的精细连接系统中所占据的关键位置。
