Young J B, Landsberg L
J Chronic Dis. 1982;35(12):879-86. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(82)90118-7.
The sympathetic nervous system responds to changes in caloric intake; caloric restriction decreases and carbohydrate administration increases sympathetic nervous system activity in animals and man. Insulin may be a major link between changes in dietary intake and changes in central sympathetic outflow. Caloric restriction reduces, and carbohydrate administration increases blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, changes consistent with a primary effect of caloric intake on sympathetic nervous system activity. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system by overfeeding may contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension in biologically-predisposed animals and man. The association of obesity and hypertension may reflect chronic overfeeding, although diet-induced changes in sympathetic nervous system activity may affect blood pressure in non-obese individuals as well.
交感神经系统会对热量摄入的变化做出反应；热量限制会降低，而给予碳水化合物会增加动物和人类的交感神经系统活动。胰岛素可能是饮食摄入量变化与中枢交感神经输出变化之间的主要联系。热量限制会降低，而给予碳水化合物会升高自发性高血压大鼠的血压，这些变化与热量摄入对交感神经系统活动的主要影响一致。在具有生物学易感性的动物和人类中，过度进食对交感神经系统的刺激可能有助于高血压的发生和维持。肥胖与高血压之间的关联可能反映了长期的过度进食，尽管饮食引起的交感神经系统活动变化也可能影响非肥胖个体的血压。
