Larson R L
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983 Jan-Feb(172):38-44.
Various tests are used to evaluate rotatory instability. Anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI) is detected by performing an anterior drawer test with the foot in external rotation. Excessive anterior rotation of the medial tibial plateau indicates laxity of the medial structures. Anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) is a manifestation of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee. The functional disability produced is the pivot shift phenomenon, which is elicited by the MacIntosh, jerk, ALRI, FRD, and Losee tests. Posteromedial rotatory instability is checked by noting a posteromedial displacement of the medial tibial plateau with a valgus stress. This is a relatively unusual type of instability, although it may be part of a severe valgus type. Posterolateral rotatory instability is evaluated by the external rotation recurvatum, posterolateral drawer, and reverse pivot shift tests. The abnormalities produced by these tests will clarify the method to correct the functional deficiency.
多种测试用于评估旋转不稳定。通过在足部外旋时进行前抽屉试验来检测前内侧旋转不稳定（AMRI）。内侧胫骨平台过度向前旋转表明内侧结构松弛。前外侧旋转不稳定（ALRI）是前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤膝关节的一种表现。产生的功能障碍是轴移现象，可通过MacIntosh试验、急拉试验、ALRI试验、FRD试验和Losee试验诱发。通过在 valgus 应力下观察内侧胫骨平台的后内侧移位来检查后内侧旋转不稳定。这是一种相对不常见的不稳定类型，尽管它可能是严重外翻类型的一部分。通过外旋后伸试验、后外侧抽屉试验和反向轴移试验来评估后外侧旋转不稳定。这些测试产生的异常情况将明确纠正功能缺陷的方法。
