Graf C J, Perret G E, Torner J C
J Neurosurg. 1983 Mar;58(3):331-7. doi: 10.3171/jns.1983.58.3.0331.
The case records of 191 patients with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) were reviewed to determine bleeding characteristics of these lesions. Possible influences of age, sex, the location and size of the AVM, type of initial hemorrhage, and condition of the patients were analyzed. Of these 191 patients, 102 had a single hemorrhage, 32 had a recurrent hemorrhage, and 57 never bled. The follow-up period for patients with an unruptured AVM was a mean of 4.8 years and a maximum of 31 years; for those with a ruptured AVM, the mean was 2 years, and the maximum 37 years. Size of the AVM was significantly related to the risk of first hemorrhage. The average yearly risk for first hemorrhage was between 2% and 3%. Bleeding occurred most frequently in the 11- to 35-year-old age group. The risk of rebleeding increased with advancing age. Among 93 patients followed after their AVM had ruptured, the risk of rebleeding was 6% in 1 year. After the first year, the average rebleeding rate was about 2% per year up to 20 years.
回顾了191例脑动静脉畸形（AVM）患者的病例记录，以确定这些病变的出血特征。分析了年龄、性别、AVM的位置和大小、首次出血类型以及患者状况等可能的影响因素。在这191例患者中，102例发生过单次出血，32例发生过复发性出血，57例从未出血。未破裂AVM患者的随访期平均为4.8年，最长为31年；破裂AVM患者的随访期平均为2年，最长为37年。AVM的大小与首次出血风险显著相关。首次出血的平均年风险在2%至3%之间。出血最常发生在11至35岁年龄组。再出血风险随年龄增长而增加。在93例AVM破裂后接受随访的患者中，1年内再出血风险为6%。第一年之后，直至20年，平均每年再出血率约为2%。
