Bond M, Gardner S T, Christian J, Sigal J J
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983 Mar;40(3):333-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790030103013.
A self-administered questionnaire that would indicate a person's perception of his or her habitual defensive style was constructed and tested. The hypotheses assessed were that defenses cluster so as to constitute "styles" and that these styles can be ranked as more or less adaptive. The sample comprised 98 psychiatric patients and 111 nonpatients. The tools used were (1) a questionnaire measure of self-appraisal of defensive style, (2) a questionnaire measure of ego adaptation, and (3) a sentence completion measure of ego development. The results, which argued strongly for the validity of a questionnaire measure of perceived defensive style, also showed that such defenses tend to cluster into styles that can be ranked on a developmental continuum, from "maladaptive action patterns," through "image-distorting" defenses, "self-sacrificing" defenses, and "adaptive" defenses.
我们编制并测试了一份自我管理问卷，用以表明一个人对其习惯性防御方式的认知。所评估的假设是，防御机制会聚集在一起构成“风格”，并且这些风格可以根据适应性的强弱进行排序。样本包括98名精神科患者和111名非患者。使用的工具包括：（1）一份关于防御风格自我评估的问卷调查；（2）一份关于自我适应的问卷调查；（3）一份关于自我发展的句子完成测试。结果有力地证明了感知防御风格问卷调查的有效性，同时也表明，这些防御机制倾向于聚集成不同的风格，这些风格可以在一个发展连续体上进行排序，从“适应不良的行为模式”，到“形象扭曲”防御、“自我牺牲”防御和“适应性”防御。
