Glauser M P, Bernard J P, Moreillon P, Francioli P
J Infect Dis. 1983 Mar;147(3):568-75. doi: 10.1093/infdis/147.3.568.
Amoxicillin prophylaxis against experimental endocarditis due to one nontolerant and two tolerant strains of streptococci was studied in rats. Single-dose amoxicillin protected against the two tolerant strains in animals challenged with the 90% infective dose (ID90), but protection diminished with increasing inoculum sizes. Protection against the nontolerant strain was successful with inocula that were 100- and 1,000-fold larger than the ID90. Close correlation existed between the speed of bacterial killing in vitro, the time of exposure to bactericidal levels in vivo, and the range of inocula against which prophylaxis was effective. Amoxicillin seemed to protect by at least two mechanisms. (1) When in vitro tests indicated adequate bacterial killing, protection was independent of the inoculum size and was probably conferred by bacterial killing. (2) When in vitro tests indicated bacterial inhibition but not killing, protection was inoculum-dependent and was probably mediated by inhibition of bacterial adherence.
在大鼠中研究了阿莫西林对一株非耐受性和两株耐受性链球菌所致实验性心内膜炎的预防作用。单剂量阿莫西林可保护动物免受两种耐受性菌株的感染，这些动物接受的是90%感染剂量（ID90）的挑战，但随着接种量的增加，保护作用减弱。对于非耐受性菌株，接种量比ID90大100倍和1000倍时预防成功。体外细菌杀灭速度、体内暴露于杀菌水平的时间以及预防有效的接种量范围之间存在密切相关性。阿莫西林似乎至少通过两种机制发挥保护作用。（1）当体外试验表明细菌杀灭充分时，保护作用与接种量无关，可能是通过细菌杀灭实现的。（2）当体外试验表明细菌受到抑制但未被杀灭时，保护作用依赖于接种量，可能是通过抑制细菌黏附介导的。
