Katzberg R W, Morris T W, Schulman G, Faillace R T, Boylan L M, Foley M J, Spataro R F, Fischer H W
Radiology. 1983 May;147(2):327-30. doi: 10.1148/radiology.147.2.6836112.
Investigations into the nature of severe and fatal reactions to contrast media have been severely limited by their unpredictable occurrence in the clinical setting and the absence of suitable laboratory models. The authors report their experience with a canine dehydration model. Intravenous administration of 2 ml/kg of 76% sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate resulted in vomiting, shock, inappropriate slowing of the heart rate, and death. ECG findings indicated suppression of sinoatrial node automaticity, a decrease in the rate of atrioventricular conduction, and depression of myocardial contractility. These results suggest two possible mechanisms: (a) enhanced vagal tone as the result of stimulation of the vasomotor center of the medulla or (b) accentuation of direct contrast-induced myocardial toxicity.
由于造影剂严重和致命反应在临床环境中不可预测地发生且缺乏合适的实验室模型，对其性质的研究受到严重限制。作者报告了他们在犬类脱水模型中的经验。静脉注射2 ml/kg的76%泛影葡胺会导致呕吐、休克、心率异常减慢和死亡。心电图结果表明窦房结自律性受抑制、房室传导速率降低以及心肌收缩力减弱。这些结果提示了两种可能机制：(a) 由于延髓血管运动中枢受刺激导致迷走神经张力增强；或 (b) 造影剂直接引起的心肌毒性加重。
