Eisenhofer G, Johnson R H
Am J Physiol. 1983 Apr;244(4):R568-72. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1983.244.4.R568.
To investigate the effects of ethanol on thirst, fluid intake was measured in 24 normal subjects for 3 h after consumption of 1.0 g/kg ethanol, with or without administration of a vasopressin analogue (DDAVP) before ethanol ingestion. Fluid consumption was reduced in subjects receiving DDAVP, suggesting that thirst after ethanol is largely secondary to dehydration due to inhibition of vasopressin release. Further, the effects of ethanol on salt-load-elicited thirst and fluid consumption in normal subjects were studied using intravenous hypertonic saline infusions. Subjects acted as their own controls and received 0.5 or 1.0 ml/kg ethanol 30 min before infusions on one day and an equal volume of fluid on another day. During infusions after ethanol, subjects experienced thirst later and at higher osmolalities. They also drank less immediately after infusions with prior ethanol ingestion. The relationship between thirst score and plasma osmolality was shifted to higher osmolalities by ethanol. Thus, although ethanol progressively causes thirst secondary to dehydration, it has a direct inhibitory effect on the thirst response to osmotic stimulation.
为研究乙醇对口渴的影响，在24名正常受试者摄入1.0 g/kg乙醇后3小时测量其液体摄入量，在摄入乙醇前给予或不给予血管加压素类似物（去氨加压素）。接受去氨加压素的受试者液体消耗量减少，这表明乙醇后的口渴很大程度上继发于血管加压素释放受抑制所致的脱水。此外，使用静脉输注高渗盐水的方法研究了乙醇对正常受试者盐负荷引发的口渴和液体消耗的影响。受试者作为自身对照，在一天输注前30分钟接受0.5或1.0 ml/kg乙醇，在另一天接受等量的液体。在乙醇输注后，受试者出现口渴的时间更晚且渗透压更高。在先前摄入乙醇后输注期间，他们立即饮水也更少。乙醇使口渴评分与血浆渗透压之间的关系向更高的渗透压偏移。因此，尽管乙醇会因脱水逐渐导致口渴，但它对渗透压刺激引发的口渴反应有直接抑制作用。
