Morley J E, Levine A S, Yamada T, Gebhard R L, Prigge W F, Shafer R B, Goetz F C, Silvis S E
Gastroenterology. 1983 Jun;84(6):1517-23.
Peptic digestion of gluten results in the production of substances having opiatelike activity in bio- and receptor assays. These substances have been termed exorphins. In this study, we determined the effect of gluten, hydrolyzed gluten, and hydrolyzed gluten plus the opiate blocker naloxone on a variety of hormonal parameters, gastrointestinal transit time, small bowel mucosal integrity, and satiety. Hydrolyzed gluten prolonged intestinal transit time, and this effect was reversed by concomitant administration of naloxone. Hydrolyzed gluten also produced a naloxone-reversible increase in plasma somatostatinlike activity, which may have been responsible for the delayed transit time. No effects of the "exorphins" could be demonstrated on serum gastrin, cortisol, carbohydrate metabolism, or small bowel mucosal integrity. Although a number of studies have suggested a role for endogenous opiates in appetite regulation, we could not demonstrate any effect of "exorphins" on the amount of calories ingested nor on the perception of satiety. This study defines a potential role for small opiatelike peptides in foodstuffs in the regulation of intestinal function.
麸质的消化会产生在生物和受体分析中具有类鸦片活性的物质。这些物质被称为外啡肽。在本研究中，我们测定了麸质、水解麸质以及水解麸质加鸦片类阻滞剂纳洛酮对多种激素参数、胃肠转运时间、小肠黏膜完整性和饱腹感的影响。水解麸质延长了肠道转运时间，而同时给予纳洛酮可逆转这种作用。水解麸质还使血浆中类生长抑素活性出现纳洛酮可逆性升高，这可能是转运时间延迟的原因。未发现“外啡肽”对血清胃泌素、皮质醇、碳水化合物代谢或小肠黏膜完整性有影响。尽管多项研究表明内源性阿片类物质在食欲调节中起作用，但我们未发现“外啡肽”对摄入热量的量或饱腹感的感知有任何影响。本研究确定了食物中类鸦片小肽在肠道功能调节中的潜在作用。
