Tuyns A J, Esteve J
Int J Epidemiol. 1983 Mar;12(1):110-3. doi: 10.1093/ije/12.1.110.
The relative risks of oesophageal cancer involved in the smoking of pipe, commercial and hand-rolled cigarettes were examined after adjustment for age, alcohol and total tobacco consumption. In contrast with what has been observed for lung and laryngeal cancer, pipe and hand-rolled cigarettes entail a risk of oesophageal cancer that is not inferior and probably greater than commercial cigarette smoking. This indicates that the mode of action of tobacco on the oesophagus may be related to the swallowing of smoke condensates.
在对年龄、酒精摄入和总烟草消费量进行调整之后，研究了吸食烟斗、商业卷烟和手卷烟与食管癌的相对风险。与肺癌和喉癌的情况不同，吸食烟斗和手卷烟导致食管癌的风险并不低，而且可能高于吸食商业卷烟。这表明烟草对食管的作用方式可能与烟雾冷凝物的吞咽有关。
