Prentice A M, Lunn P G, Watkinson M, Whitehead R G
Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1983 Jan;37(1):65-74.
The effect of a high-energy dietary supplement provided under carefully controlled conditions to 130 lactating Gambian women was assessed with respect to changes in maternal health, nutritional status and biochemistry. The supplement resulted in a net increase in energy intake of 723 kcal/d (3.03 MJ/d) and corrected deficits in the intake of protein, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium. Supplemented women complained of fewer health problems when attending postnatal clinics (P less than 0.001). In particular the incidence of gastrointestinal problems was lower (P less than 0.001). The supplement caused a net body weight gain of only 1.8 kg averaged over a year, and women still lost weight during the farming season. Fasting serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids were increased and of glucose were decreased by the supplement. Plasma concentrations of prolactin, cortisol, insulin and T3 were found to be decreased after supplementation at one or more points during lactation, but growth hormone values remained unchanged. It is suggested that these changes reflect a relaxation from a state of high metabolic efficiency and that much of the additional energy derived from the supplement was simply wasted through a decreased efficiency in the women.
在精心控制的条件下，向130名冈比亚哺乳期妇女提供高能膳食补充剂，评估其对产妇健康、营养状况和生物化学变化的影响。该补充剂使能量摄入量净增加723千卡/天（3.03兆焦/天），并纠正了蛋白质、核黄素、维生素A、维生素C和钙摄入量的不足。补充剂的妇女在产后诊所就诊时抱怨的健康问题较少（P<0.001）。特别是胃肠道问题的发生率较低（P<0.001）。该补充剂在一年中平均仅使体重净增加1.8千克，而且妇女在农忙季节仍会体重减轻。补充剂使空腹血清中非酯化脂肪酸水平升高，葡萄糖水平降低。在哺乳期的一个或多个时间点补充后，发现催乳素、皮质醇、胰岛素和T3的血浆浓度降低，但生长激素值保持不变。有人认为，这些变化反映了从高代谢效率状态的放松，并且补充剂产生的大部分额外能量只是由于妇女效率降低而被浪费了。
