Natelson B H, Nary C A, Curtis G A, Creighton D
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Mar;54(3):661-5. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.54.3.661.
Thirteen young healthy human volunteers immersed their faces in warm or cold water on one day while breathing through a snorkel and on another day while breath holding. The magnitude of the elicited bradycardia was most prominently due to water temperature, with apnea playing a less important role. Perceived stress could affect the magnitude of the response, but it was less important than the other variables. Thus statistically significant nonparametric correlations were found for the group but not for most individuals between a scoring technique that assessed perceived stress and heart rate. In contrast to animals, these data indicate that bradycardia may be reliably elicited in humans by face immersion in cold water and that stress is neither necessary nor sufficient to produce this phenomenon. Adaptation did not seem to play a role in the development of this physiological response.
13名年轻健康的人类志愿者，在一天中通过呼吸管呼吸时将脸浸入温水或冷水中，在另一天屏气时也将脸浸入水中。引发的心动过缓的程度最主要是由于水温，屏气起的作用较小。感知到的压力可能会影响反应的程度，但它比其他变量的重要性要低。因此，在评估感知压力和心率的评分技术之间，该组发现了具有统计学意义的非参数相关性，但大多数个体之间未发现。与动物不同，这些数据表明，人类通过将脸浸入冷水中可可靠地引发心动过缓，压力对于产生这种现象既不是必需的也不是充分的。适应似乎在这种生理反应的发展中不起作用。
