Chernick V, Childiaeva R, Ioffe S
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1983 May 1;146(1):41-7. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90924-9.
Anthropometric data and computerized electroencaphalogram analysis during quiet, indeterminate, and active sleep were obtained from infants of mothers of four groups: (1) heavy drinking mothers (greater than 2 ounces of alcohol per day); (2) nondrinking mothers; (3) smoking, nondrinking mothers; (4) nonsmoking, nondrinking mothers. Infants in groups 1 and 2 were matched as closely as possible for postconceptional age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Infants in groups 3 and 4 were matched similarly. Infants of alcoholic mothers had a significantly lower birth weight, length, and head circumference than those from the matched control group. Infants of smoking mothers had lower birth weights and lengths than infants of nonsmoking mothers, but head circumference was identical. Hypersynchrony of the electroencephalogram was seen only in "alcoholic" infants, and power spectral density analysis revealed that the average integrated power was significantly increased in quiet, active, and indeterminate sleep. The greatest increase in electroencephalogram power (212%) was seen in active sleep, and this analysis clearly separated 15 of 17 alcohol-exposed infants from the control infants. These data suggest that alcohol has a specific toxic effect on the fetal brain that is not linked with smoking habits. The neonatal electroencephalogram is affected even in the absence of dysmorphology and thus may be the most sensitive indicator of fetal alcohol toxicity.
在安静睡眠、不确定睡眠和主动睡眠期间，从四组母亲所生婴儿中获取了人体测量数据和计算机化脑电图分析结果：（1）重度饮酒母亲（每天饮酒超过2盎司）；（2）不饮酒母亲；（3）吸烟但不饮酒的母亲；（4）不吸烟且不饮酒的母亲。第1组和第2组的婴儿在孕龄、性别、种族和社会经济地位方面尽可能紧密匹配。第3组和第4组的婴儿也进行了类似匹配。与匹配的对照组相比，酗酒母亲所生婴儿的出生体重、身长和头围显著更低。吸烟母亲所生婴儿的出生体重和身长低于不吸烟母亲所生婴儿，但头围相同。脑电图的高度同步仅在“酗酒”婴儿中出现，功率谱密度分析显示，在安静睡眠、主动睡眠和不确定睡眠中，平均积分功率显著增加。脑电图功率增加最大（212%）出现在主动睡眠中，该分析明确区分了17名暴露于酒精的婴儿中的15名与对照婴儿。这些数据表明，酒精对胎儿大脑有特定的毒性作用，且与吸烟习惯无关。即使在没有形态异常的情况下，新生儿脑电图也会受到影响，因此可能是胎儿酒精毒性最敏感的指标。
