Piyachaturawat P, Glinsukon T, Toskulkao C
Toxicol Lett. 1983 May;16(3-4):351-9. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(83)90198-4.
Piperine is acutely toxic to mice, rats and hamsters. The LD50 values for a single i.v., i.p., s.c., i.g. and i.m. administration of piperine to adult male mice were 15.1, 43, 200, 330 and 400 mg/kg body wt, respectively. The i.p. LD50 value was increased to 60 mg/kg body wt in adult female and 132 mg/kg body wt in weanling male mice. In adult female rats, the i.p. LD50 value was 33.5 mg/kg body wt whereas the i.g. LD50 value was increased to 514 mg/kg body wt. Most animals given a lethal dose died of respiratory paralysis within 3-17 min. In subacute toxicity studies, the rats died within 1-3 days after treatment. Histopathologic changes included severe hemorrhagic necrosis and edema in gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder and adrenal glands. Death of these animals may be attributable to multiple dysfunctions in their organs.
胡椒碱对小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠具有急性毒性。成年雄性小鼠静脉注射、腹腔注射、皮下注射、灌胃和肌肉注射胡椒碱的半数致死量（LD50）值分别为15.1、43、200、330和400毫克/千克体重。成年雌性小鼠腹腔注射LD50值增至60毫克/千克体重，断乳雄性小鼠腹腔注射LD50值增至132毫克/千克体重。成年雌性大鼠腹腔注射LD50值为33.5毫克/千克体重，而灌胃LD50值增至514毫克/千克体重。大多数给予致死剂量的动物在3 - 17分钟内死于呼吸麻痹。在亚急性毒性研究中，大鼠在治疗后1 - 3天内死亡。组织病理学变化包括胃肠道、膀胱和肾上腺严重出血性坏死及水肿。这些动物的死亡可能归因于其器官的多种功能障碍。
