Hendeles L, Weinberger M, Wyatt R
Am J Dis Child. 1978 Sep;132(9):876-80.
Theophylline, when used appropriately, seems to be the most effective noncorticosteroid prophylactic medication for chronic asthma. Dosage, however, requires consideration of the relationship between serum concentration, efficacy, and toxicity, in addition to the variability in rates of elimination. Therapy is initiated with 16 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/day (whichever is less) in divided doses at appropriate intervals depending on the rate of absorption of the product used. If side effects are absent, the dosage is increased at three-day intervals until the age-related mean dosage necessary to produce a therapeutic level, is reached. Final dosage adjustment is generally based on a single determination of serum concentration; dosage requirements generally then remain constant for six to 12 months depending upon the child's growth rate. Dosage adjustment in this manner optimizes benefit, minimizes risk of toxic effect, and avoids excessive numbers of serum theophylline measurements.
茶碱在合理使用时，似乎是治疗慢性哮喘最有效的非皮质类固醇预防性药物。然而，除了消除速率的变异性外，剂量还需要考虑血清浓度、疗效和毒性之间的关系。治疗开始时，根据所用产品的吸收速率，以16mg/kg/天或400mg/天（以较低者为准）的剂量分多次给药，间隔适当。如果没有副作用，则每三天增加一次剂量，直至达到产生治疗水平所需的年龄相关平均剂量。最终的剂量调整通常基于单次血清浓度测定；然后根据儿童的生长速度，剂量需求通常在6至12个月内保持不变。以这种方式调整剂量可优化疗效，将毒性作用风险降至最低，并避免过多的血清茶碱测量。
