Arterial tonometry: review and analysis.

A review is presented of the field of arterial tonometry and of the problems involved with its application. A second generation model is developed which interprets most of the difficulties encountered in previous experimental work. The model also identifies barriers that must be overcome to allow tonometry to become a practical technique for obtaining measurement of continuous, absolute blood pressure. Problems addressed include those of calibration, positioning sensitivity, design standardization, material properties and vascular loading characteristics. Theoretical and experimental studies provide support for the application of basic biomechanical concepts for solution of these problems and suggest required design features.