Some effects of speaking rate on the production of /b/ and /w/.

One of the acoustic properties distinguishing the syllable-initial stop consonant /b/ from the semivowel /w/ is the duration of the initial formant transitions; syllables beginning with /b/ have shorter transitions than those beginning with /w/. This experiment investigated the way in which the transition durations of /b/ and /w/ change as a function of speaking rate by examining tokens of /ba/ and /wa/ produced by four male speakers. At any given speaking rate the /wa/ transitions were, on average, longer than the /ba/ transitions, although pooled across rates, the distributions of transition duration for /ba/ and /wa/ were overlapping. In addition, the magnitude of the difference between average /ba/ and /wa/ transition durations increased with decreases in speaking rate. This is because as rate of speech decreased so that syllable duration increased, there was little change in the initial transition duration of /ba/, but a considerable increase in the initial transition duration of /wa/. Given the overall pattern of results, the transition duration that could optimally distinguish /ba/ from /wa/ was not constant, but increased with syllable duration. This is in accord with Miller and Liberman's (1979) finding that when listeners identify /ba/ and /wa/ on the basis of transition duration, they do so in relation to the duration of the syllable.